New UK regulations are helping to reduce the growing risks associated with lithium-ion batteries, particularly in the e-bike sector, but they only go so far. Even the most advanced, high-quality batteries can become dangerous if damaged, poorly stored, or handled without the right precautions. As the law catches up with technology, businesses must look beyond compliance and take a proactive approach to lithium-ion battery safety across the board.
In December 2024, the UK government issued new statutory guidelines through the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS), aimed at curbing fire risks from lithium-ion batteries used in e-bikes. These rules require all such batteries, including those sold online and in conversion kits, to be equipped with mechanisms to prevent thermal runaway, a dangerous process that can cause fires or explosions.
Then in July 2025, the UK Product Regulation and Metrology Act became law, expanding the regulatory framework significantly. The Act makes lithium-ion batteries a “priority product” and mandates:
These measures are timely and necessary, especially as e-bike and e-scooter fire incidents have been on the rise. But battery safety doesn’t end with consumer devices, and neither should the conversation.
While built-in safety mechanisms such as thermal cut-offs and protective casings can reduce risks, they are not infallible. Batteries can still become dangerous if physically damaged, improperly stored, or exposed to environmental hazards. In some cases, damage may be internal and invisible until a failure occurs.
Even well-designed batteries are vulnerable when handled carelessly or stored in unsuitable conditions, meaning compliance with regulations is only part of the solution.
Lithium-ion batteries are now used in everything from consumer electronics and power tools to industrial energy systems and electric vehicle fleets. According to QBE Europe, fires caused by lithium-ion batteries from multiple sources have doubled in just two years. And while regulatory efforts targeting specific categories—like e-bikes—are essential, they do not address a core risk shared by all lithium-ion batteries: safe storage.
To supplement regulation and reduce risks across all battery types, industry best practice, particularly in storage, must become the standard. Current recommendations include:
These practices don’t just protect assets; they protect people and help businesses stay aligned with fire safety laws and insurance requirements.
Despite increasing regulation, misunderstandings and risky storage practices are still widespread. That’s why working with experts is essential.
At Chemstore, we specialise in lithium-ion battery safety, offering everything from fire-resistant storage and advanced thermal monitoring to staff training and risk assessments. Our work with major brands across multiple sectors has made us a trusted name in an industry where the risks are evolving fast.
Regulations are finally catching up to the lithium-ion battery boom, but they’re not enough on their own. Safe storage must be part of every organisation’s safety strategy, especially as batteries become more common in both everyday tools and critical infrastructure.
Chemstore is here to help you navigate this complex, high-risk area. Whether you handle small quantities of batteries or manage large-scale energy storage systems, our award-winning tailored solutions help ensure your operations remain safe, compliant, and ready for the future.
Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Guidance: What’s The Latest?Mike Brodie, managing director of Chemstore UK and a leader in hazardous storage solutions, offers some insight into the most recent best practices on lithium-ion battery storage guidance in the UK.
Lithium-ion batteries are ubiquitous across various industries due to their high energy density, long lifecycle, and lightweight design. However, their potential to overheat, combust, and even explode has raised significant safety concerns, particularly regarding storage. With a rising number of fire incidents linked to lithium-ion batteries, there is increasing demand for enhanced regulatory measures and battery storage guidance to mitigate these risks.
Numerous incidents emphasise the growing need for stringent safety standards and proactive risk management. Below are a few recent examples:
In response to the growing number of battery-related fires, the insurance industry, including providers such as Aviva, has issued updated guidance on the safe handling and storage of lithium-ion batteries. Key recommendations include:
These measures aim to provide battery storage guidance to prevent incidents, safeguard assets, and align with relevant UK fire safety standards.
In February 2024, the British Safety Council released an introductory guide for employers on managing the risks associated with lithium-ion batteries in the workplace with a focus on the challenges around the storage of e-bikes and scooters.
The guide recommends employers should conduct thorough risk assessments, establish clear policies for charging and cable compliance, and provide designated charging facilities to control hazards effectively. It also recommends having emergency response plans tailored to the unique firefighting requirements for lithium-ion batteries. Chemstore’s fire-resistant storage cabinets, for example, are engineered to ensure quick access for emergency services while containing the fire and preventing it from spreading to other parts of the facility.
The Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Bill, which underwent its first reading on 6 September 2024, aims to enhance safety standards for lithium-ion battery usage, storage, and disposal. Key provisions include mandating that local planning authorities consult with fire services and regulatory bodies (such as the Environment Agency and Health and Safety Executive) before approving large-scale battery storage facilities, to ensure fire and environmental safety. It requires online marketplaces to ensure that all products with lithium-ion batteries meet established safety regulations, helping prevent the sale of substandard, potentially hazardous products. Additionally, it sets safety standards for micro-mobility devices like e-bikes and e-scooters, requiring them to display compliance marks (CE or UKCA) after safety assessments. It also mandates the development of safe disposal protocols for lithium-ion batteries to mitigate fire risks in waste management systems.
While the Lithium-ion Battery Safety Bill brings much-needed attention to lithium-ion battery safety, it offers little battery storage guidance for businesses looking for direction on handling and storing batteries safely. Another Bill, the Lithium-Ion Battery Storage (Fire Safety and Environmental Permits) Bill, introduced in the UK House of Commons in September 2022 did more to address lithium-ion battery storage. That bill, however, focused primarily on regulatory oversight for industrial lithium-ion battery storage facilities and did not advance beyond its first reading.
It remains to be seen how far the Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Bill will progress but there is some speculation that its provisions could instead be incorporated into the Product Safety and Metrology Bill which is also looking to address e-bike safety.
Lithium-ion battery safety is an evolving area of law, which can sometimes leave businesses seeking battery storage guidance on their safe handling and storage with more questions than answers. However, as this article highlights, emerging guidelines are beginning to provide some much-needed direction. By following these best practices and collaborating with trusted experts like Chemstore, companies can greatly reduce the risk of fires, explosions, and environmental harm, keeping their operations both safe and compliant.
Our range of fire-resistant storage solutions, advanced monitoring technologies, and comprehensive staff training programs are designed to offer maximum protection against lithium-ion battery hazards and we are one of the most trusted names in the industry, working with leading brands across multiple sectors. Whether you manage an electric vehicle fleet or handle smaller quantities of batteries, Chemstore has the expertise and solutions to meet your needs. To view our full range of storage cabinets, transport boxes, Electrovault and so much more click here.
Winter Chemical Storage: Essential Tips and Best Practices
This article details the necessary requirements for winter chemical storage. During winter, industries reliant on the storage and use of chemicals face unique challenges. Mike Brodie, Managing Director of Chemstore UK, shares critical insights into the risks posed by colder temperatures and offers actionable strategies to ensure safety throughout the season.
Colder conditions introduce distinct hazards in chemical handling and storage. These challenges can compromise safety if not properly addressed. Here are the primary risks to consider during winter:
Many chemicals are sensitive to temperature fluctuations, this particularly affects winter chemical storage. Low temperatures can alter their viscosity, solubility, and reactivity, increasing the risk of accidents. For example:
Certain chemicals, especially aqueous solutions, are prone to freezing in low temperatures. This can damage containers, cause leaks, or result in the unintended release of hazardous substances. Additionally, frozen chemicals may expand, placing further strain on their containers.
In cold weather, the vapour density of volatile chemicals increases. This causes dangerous vapours to settle closer to the ground, creating heightened risks of inhalation exposure and potentially explosive atmospheres in poorly ventilated areas.
4. Equipment malfunction
Freezing temperatures can compromise essential equipment like valves, pumps, and seals, leading to brittleness and a higher likelihood of leaks or malfunctions.
Winter conditions such as reduced visibility and slippery surfaces increase the risk of spills and accidents during the handling and transportation of chemicals.
To address these risks, it’s advisable to adopt proactive safety measures. Below are essential tips for maintaining safety during the winter months:
Review your chemical inventory and consult Safety Data Sheets (SDS) to identify temperature limits for each substance. Store sensitive chemicals in suitable conditions to prevent risks.
Use temperature-controlled environments such as insulated containers or heated storage facilities to keep chemicals stable and prevent freezing. An ideal solution for storing chemicals in low-temperature environments is the Thermovault, a perfect solution for winter chemical storage. Click here for more information on Chemstore’s Thermovault range.
Perform frequent inspections of storage equipment, including tanks, pipelines, and containers. Pay close attention to seals, valves, and other components prone to cold-related wear and damage.
Develop and maintain robust spill prevention and response plans. Equip storage areas with spill kits, barriers, and absorbent materials for quick containment of leaks.
Provide employees with PPE designed for cold conditions, including insulated gloves and outerwear. In areas with hazardous vapours, ensure the availability of proper respiratory protection.
Train employees to identify and mitigate risks associated with winter chemical handling. Include hazard identification, proper storage protocols, and emergency response procedures in your training programs.
Continuously monitor the temperature and humidity of chemical storage areas using data loggers or alarms. Act promptly if conditions approach unsafe thresholds.
Winter poses unique challenges for chemical storage and handling, but proactive measures can significantly mitigate these risks. By prioritising safety, maintaining regulatory compliance, and fostering a culture of awareness, industries can protect their employees and assets.
At Chemstore, we’re dedicated to providing expert guidance and innovative solutions for safe chemical storage. For all your winter chemical storage needs contact us today to learn more about how we can enhance your chemical storage capabilities.
Fire-Rated vs. Fire-Resistant Storage: What’s The Difference?Mike Brodie, Managing Director of Chemstore UK, outlines the critical differences between fire-rated and fire-resistant storage and emphasises the importance of correctly distinguishing between them.
As the UK experiences increasingly extreme weather patterns and record-breaking temperatures, the importance of proper fire safety measures has never been more critical.
With rising temperatures and heatwaves becoming more frequent, the risks associated with improper storage of flammable materials are amplified. This makes it imperative to understand the difference between fire-rated and fire-resistant storage, as the consequences of getting it wrong can be devastating.
When it comes to protecting valuable or hazardous items, the terms “fire-rated” and “fire-resistant” are often used interchangeably. This common misunderstanding can lead to dangerous consequences, especially when products that require fire-rated storage are mistakenly placed in less effective fire-resistant units. To avoid these pitfalls, it’s crucial to understand the differences between the two and why choosing fire-rated storage from trusted experts like Chemstore is essential.
Understanding Fire-Rated vs. Fire Resistant Storage
The confusion often starts with the assumption that “fire-rated” and “fire-resistant” are synonymous. Many believe that a fire rating simply means the storage unit can stop the passage of flames. However, the reality is more complex, especially when safety is on the line.
Fire-resistant storage typically refers to materials or structures that can physically resist the passage of flames, but this falls well short of the rigorous standards required for fire-rated storage. Fire-rated storage is designed not only to resist the passage of flames but also to control the internal temperature of a storage module, preventing thermal heat transfer that could ignite the contents within.
According to HS(G)51, an essential guideline on fire safety in the workplace, fire walls (and by extension, fire-rated storage units) must be imperforate and provide a minimum of 30 minutes of fire resistance in terms of integrity, insulation, and load-bearing capacity where applicable. This means that a fire-rated storage unit must be capable of maintaining its structural integrity, insulating against heat, and bearing loads even under intense fire conditions.
In terms of spotting the difference between a fire-resistant panel and a fire-rated panel, a fire-resistant panel made of a single sheet of steel is thin, smooth, and solid, often with a shiny or matte finish but lacking visible insulation. Its primary function is to resist flames, but it provides minimal insulation and may warp or fail under intense heat.
In contrast, a fire-rated panel featuring non-combustible insulation such as Rockwool is much bulkier, with insulating material encased between protective layers. This panel offers superior structural integrity and high insulation performance, effectively delaying heat transfer and maintaining a barrier against flames for extended periods. The key differences are in thickness and construction, which impact how each panel performs in fire situations.
The importance of temperature control in fire-rated units
One of the critical benefits of a fire-rated storage unit is its ability to control the temperature inside the unit. This feature is often overlooked but is vital in scenarios where the stored materials are sensitive to heat. In the case of highly flammable substances or lithium-ion batteries, even a slight increase in temperature can lead to disastrous outcomes.
The assumption that stopping flames is enough to protect the contents of a storage unit can lead to tragic mistakes. For instance, a single-skin metal box, which many mistakenly believe to be fire-rated, offers minimal insulation. In direct sunlight or during a fire, such a box can act like an oven, leading to the overheating and possible ignition of the materials inside. This risk is especially pronounced during hot weather when ambient temperatures can already push the limits of what stored items can safely endure.
It is good practice to maintain lithium-ion batteries at 19°C ±1.5°C to maximise safety, yet it is not possible for a single skin storage module to provide this level of environmental control, as it will consistently overheat and freeze throughout the year.
The dangers of mislabelling and the importance of expert advice
A significant issue in the UK market is the influx of products labelled as “fire-rated” without meeting the necessary standards. Many of these products are sold based on the misconception that fire rating merely involves preventing flames from passing through. This misunderstanding can lead to businesses and individuals purchasing storage solutions that are woefully inadequate for their needs.
The consequences of using improperly rated storage can be severe. In the event of a fire, a unit that does not provide sufficient insulation and temperature control can allow heat to build up inside, potentially causing primary containers to fail and leading to the release of harmful fumes or the destruction of critical materials.
To ensure safety, it’s imperative to purchase fire-rated storage from trusted experts like Chemstore. We are a BSIF Registered Safety Supplier and our products are designed and tested to meet the rigorous requirements set out in HS(G)51, ensuring that you have the highest level of protection.
Conclusion
Understanding the difference between fire-rated and fire-resistant storage is not just a matter of semantics—it’s a matter of safety. In scenarios where the contents of a storage unit are sensitive to heat or flammable, relying on inadequate storage can lead to catastrophic consequences. By choosing fire-rated storage solutions from reputable providers like Chemstore, you can ensure that your materials are protected not just from flames, but from the heat that can be just as deadly. Don’t take risks with fire safety; understand what you’re buying and why it matters.
View our Firevault range by clicking here. For more information, call 061 327 792, email sales@chemstore.ie, or fill in the contact form today.
Chemstore BSK-1 & PyroBubbles Lithium-Ion Battery Fire TestGenius Group conducted a test of how a lithium-ion battery on fire affects Chemstore’s BSK-1 lithium-ion battery storage, charging and transport case. You can also see the PyroBubbles in action. These are pouches of extinguishing beads that melt and oxygen starve a potential battery fire.
How do the PyroBubbles work?
The extinguishant PyroBubbles can be used exceptionally well in preventive fire protection, particularly for filling cavities and hollows, cable trays and installation shafts (horizontal and vertical), where it can be used in bulk material form. A completely uncomplicated fire protection upgrade in the area F 90 can be implemented at any time, both for existing buildings and new facilities.
The amount of time required and the amount of material necessary to reach the required level of protection can be considered very economical. The ongoing maintenance costs for such cable facility coverages amount to almost zero. Subsequent covering of cables is also safely and quickly possible at a later date.
If you require any more information regarding the safe storage of lithium-ion batteries, view our full range here. Alternatively, call us on +44 (0) 208 704 1807 or email sales@chemstore.co.uk and we will be happy to offer guidance.
Chemstore expands lithium-ion battery storage range with BSK-1Chemstore, the leading expert in hazardous materials storage and a trusted specialist in lithium-ion battery safety, has introduced the BSK1 – Battery Charging and Transport Case. This innovative solution ensures the safe charging, storage, and transport of lithium-ion batteries.
The BSK-1 fire has been developed to meet the highest safety standards for lithium-ion battery storage and transport. Its unique cable gland design allows users to safely charge their batteries within the case, ensuring maximum safety and convenience. The case’s lightweight and robust construction, coupled with its easy handling, makes it suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.
• Affordablility: BSK-1 is available for less than £500 per unit
• Fire-resistant interior fittings: Derived from cutting-edge fire and explosion protection technologies, including dust-free PyroBubbles cushions.
• Maximum protection: The case maintains an outside temperature below 100 °C, with no emission of flames or splinters in the event of an emergency, providing top-tier protection for people and their surroundings.
• High dielectric safety: Suitable for strong power tools or defective batteries, ensuring versatile use.
• Tested technology: Developed according to the latest hazardous goods technology and successfully tested in real-time fire scenarios.
• Capacity: Accommodates a maximum dangerous goods weight of 8 kg with inner dimensions of 520 x 320 x 245 mm.
There has been a significant rise in the use of lithium-ion batteries globally, driven by the growing popularity of power tools, electric vehicles, and portable electronics. However, this surge in usage has also led to a concerning rise in lithium-ion battery fires, with UK fire services attending 46% more fires linked to lithium-ion batteries in 2023 than 2022. The impact of lithium-ion battery fires can be devastating; a factory fire in South Korea in June 2024, involving exploding lithium-ion batteries tragically resulted in 22 fatalities and highlights the urgent need for reliable and safe storage solutions .
As the go-to experts for lithium-ion battery storage, Chemstore has become the preferred partner for industry leaders across multiple sectors, including construction, education, logistics and motorsport, where the demand for safe battery storage is paramount.
The BSK-1 represents the latest addition to Chemstore’s expanding range of lithium-ion battery storage solutions, which includes safety products at every stage of the process when working with lithium-ion batteries, including: –
Mike Brodie, Managing Director of Chemstore, commented on the launch: “The BSK1 – Battery Charging and Transport Case is a simple yet effective solution to the increasingly common problem of safely charging, storing, and transporting lithium-ion batteries. Whether for power tools, ebike/escooter charging or defective batteries, the BSK-1 offers peace of mind that batteries are protected.”
“We are thrilled to expand our lithium-ion battery storage offering, reinforcing our commitment to providing cutting-edge solutions that address the evolving needs of our customers and ensure the highest safety standards.”
Gas Cylinder Storage – The Do’s and Dont’sGas cylinders should be stored securely, upright and in a well-ventilated area, with appropriate segregation between incompatible gases and protection from damage or unauthorised access. Storage arrangements should consider the type and quantity of gas, cylinder condition, fire and explosion risks and applicable UK workplace requirements. HSE and gas-industry guidance can also help determine suitable store construction, ventilation, separation and management arrangements. </p>
This article provides practical advice and guidance on safe gas cylinder storage. It covers the construction and management of gas cylinder stores and highlights some of the hazards that may need to be considered.
The guidance can be used when siting and constructing new storage facilities or when reviewing the safety and suitability of existing gas cylinder storage. Alternative designs, materials and methods may also be appropriate where they provide an equivalent level of safety.
The information should be considered alongside applicable UK workplace safety requirements, Health and Safety Executive guidance and recognised gas-industry guidance.
If you need any help on a project that involves gas cylinder storage then you need to check out our Gasvault range here.
This document defines the principles of safe practice for the storage of gas cylinders and gas cylinder bundles and outlines the relevant legal requirements.
Cylinders are never fully empty unless a cylinder is new, de-valved, or following inspection and test where it has not yet been filled with a gas. Therefore, cylinders, containing a gas but regardless of the quantity of gas, shall all be treated in-line with this Code of Practice.
A gas cylinder(s) is deemed to be in storage when:
Storage of full and empty LPG cylinders and cartridges. Where a mixture of LPG (>400 kg) and other gas cylinders are stored then the applicable sections of UKLPG CP 7 (60) and this Code should be applied.
Exclusions from this Code of Practice are:
(i) Cylinders in use i.e. connected to the user equipment, or permanently connected for use; for example, fire protection systems and specifically sited emergency response equipment, such as fire extinguishers and self-contained breathing apparatus.
(ii) Cylinders being processed for filling or for periodic inspection and test.
(iii) Medical cylinders in domiciliary use.
(iv) Gas cylinders during carriage by road, rail, air, and sea.
(v) Cylinders permanently manifolded together to form part of a bulk gaseous hydrogen installation.
(vi) Transportable vacuum insulated containers.
(vii) Containers (vessels) for cryogenic liquids.
(viii) Cylinders stored off-shore.
(ix) Aerosols.
The cylinder label shall always be used as the primary means of identifying the contents of gas cylinders. The label will identify the product name and the class of hazard (Diamond Hazard Label(s)). Some gas cylinders may have this information stenciled on the body of the cylinder.
Colour coding is a secondary method of identifying certain gases or the properties of others, however, colour coding is not mandatory for most gases but its use is supported by the majority of gas suppliers. Colour coding is typically applied to the shoulder, or curved part, at the top of the cylinder.
Gas cylinders present a number of different hazards:
Gas cylinders are generally heavy and are relatively unstable due to the base diameter to height ratio. Large cylinders can weigh over 100 kg when full they are easily toppled over. Gas cylinders are awkward objects to move safely.
Cylinders contain gases stored under pressure and will have significant stored energy.
Any pressure above atmospheric released from a cylinder has the potential to cause injury to personnel or damage to plant or property.
Pressure can be released by:
All gas cylinders contain gases under pressure and may present a risk of explosion if not safely handled and stored. Legislation requires that a site-specific risk assessment is required for each gas cylinder store, refer to The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (6) and The Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR). Every storage situation must be considered on its merits and special circumstances may necessitate variations on the recommended requirements.
Consent from the local authority may need to be obtained to store quantities of dangerous substances over certain thresholds. The regulations contain thresholds for both named substances, such as oxygen and hydrogen, and for generic categories of substances (flammable, toxic). For example, the threshold for oxygen storage is 200 tonnes, for flammables 50 tonnes, but for hydrogen only 2 tonnes. In some cases, the percentage / partial faction of thresholds (for example, flammables and oxidants) are additive when determining if consent is required.
The majority of gas cylinders are designed so that they can be stored in the open air and, as such, they will not be adversely affected by inclement weather.
Storage areas should be located in an external area where there is good natural ventilation. Adjacent buildings, structures, and geographical features may adversely affect natural ventilation and their effect should be taken into account during the risk assessment. The store should not be located in low lying areas; where gases may accumulate.
Storage within a building is not recommended. Where storage indoors cannot be avoided please see below. Internal storage locations should be at ground level and in the following order of preference:
(i) A bespoke stand-alone dedicated, adequately naturally ventilated building.
(ii) A dedicated room sealed from the rest of the building, adequately naturally ventilated to the outside, only accessible from an external door(s).
(iii) A dedicated room, adjacent to an outside wall, inside a building, adequately naturally ventilated to the outside, sealed from other areas of normal occupancy.
(iv) A dedicated room, inside a building, with forced air ventilation, sealed from other areas of normal occupancy.
(v) In a building, as far as is practicable away from normal work locations.
The location of the store shall take account of the minimum recommended separation distances, refer to Section 5.4.1. Cylinder stores are to be located away from the site designated emergency exits and escape routes.
Gas cylinder storage areas should be segregated from other stores. The risk assessment shall take due regard of the potential hazards of the gases being stored and the risk from other hazardous processes or storage sites that may impact on a cylinder store. It shall also consider the potential for impact due to vehicle movements.
Storage locations should be sited at ground level. Where cylinders are stored at any other level this shall be specifically covered in the risk assessment. If the store is located at another level then consideration needs to be given to providing an area to allow vehicles to collect and deliver cylinders, cylinder movements between levels and the impact in the event of an incident, for example, gas leakage, fire, access for emergency services, proximity to people, etc.
The risk assessment shall take account of both underground and overground services. The location shall be chosen so that it is not directly beneath overhead power or other cables and where it will allow access for vehicles and other plant machinery without the risk of them coming into contact with power or other cables.
Each storage area and its boundaries shall be well defined. The footprint of the store shall allow space for the expected quantity of gas cylinders being stored as well as for the safe movement and handling of the gas cylinders, including access for mechanical handling equipment.
Appropriate access to the site will be required. This will include access for delivery vehicles and the emergency services.
The location of the storage area should consider the security of cylinders to avoid theft and to prevent tampering with the cylinders.
The physical dimensions of the storage area shall take into account the storage requirements, for example, grouping by hazard classification, full/empty or unserviceable cylinders and providing adequate space for access and egress, for safe manual handling operations and the use of mechanical handling equipment.
Means shall be provided to secure cylinders to prevent them from falling over, for example, pallets, chains, lashing, etc.
Appendix 2 shows the minimum recommended separation distances between cylinders, the store(s) and other features.
Where there are space restraints a permanent physical partition may be used to help achieve the required minimum recommended separation distances. The height of the partition should be relevant to the hazard, however, it should be not less than 2 meters high, unless for non-fire hazards a lower partition can be justified through risk assessment. The required minimum recommended separation distance can include the length of the sides of the partition, as shown in Figure 1. Such partitions should be imperforate and constructed of suitable materials, for example, solid masonry or concrete. Where protecting against fire hazards, they should be constructed to achieve at least 30 minutes’ fire-resistance for best practices in gas cylinder storage.
Where the wall separates vulnerable populations from the cylinders (not including inert gases), the fire resistance provided should be a minimum of 60 minutes.
Figure 1: Use of a partition to achieve the minimum recommended separation distances
Within Figure 1 the minimum recommended separation distances may include the distance measured around the sides of the partition by determining the sum of A + B + C.
If flammable gas cylinders are stored against a building wall the area up to 2 m either side of the storage area and up to 9 m above ground should be imperforate and of a minimum of 30 minutes fire resisting construction.
When planning the gas cylinder storage facility, adequate handling space shall be allowed. The total amount of floor space required will depend on the quantity and the size of the cylinders, and the handling equipment to be used during their movement. Refer to Section 6 and Section 8.
The floor should be level and constructed from non-combustible, non-porous material. All floor surfaces shall be constructed so that they can be maintained in a clean manner.
Obstacles such as expansion joints, steps, and drainage systems, shall not impede cylinder handling operations.
The floor shall be of sufficient strength to support the weight of the gas cylinders/gas cylinder pallets, plus any mechanical handling aids employed on gas cylinder handling.
The floor should be laid to prevent the accumulation of water so that stored cylinders do not rest in standing water and risk being subjected to corrosion.
Cylinders are designed for outdoor storage, however, some applications require protected storage conditions for quality, hygiene and security reasons, for example, analytical and medical gases. Cylinders may also need additional protection from local environmental conditions.
Where required, the roofing shall be designed to prevent gas pockets from accumulating, for example, gaps between the wall and sloping roof, natural ventilation in the roof apex etc.
All stores containing gas cylinders shall be secure and access shall be restricted to authorized personnel. This may be achieved by securing the site with a boundary fence with lockable gates or by securing individual stores. Dependant on the site security requirements both conditions may be required.
Suitable security arrangements shall take into account the classification of the gases and the quantities being stored. The security arrangements shall include appropriate physical and management security controls to prevent unauthorized access, theft, tampering, arson, vandalism and to effectively monitor the usage of gases, as well as any specific local considerations. Keys for each store shall be kept in a secure location and only issued to authorized persons; a log should be kept.
Where electronic security systems, for example, alarms, are installed comply with the electrical requirements on site.
The security perimeter shall meet the ventilation requirements and be not less than 1.8 meters high.
Where the gas cylinder store is enclosed, a suitable emergency exit(s) may be required dependant on the size and/or layout of the store.
All persons handling gas cylinders shall have appropriate training, as required.
Where high consequence dangerous goods, such as toxic gases, are stored on site a security plan shall be drawn up and implemented in compliance with the Health & Safety department.
Ventilation is required to ensure that any small leakage of gas is adequately dispersed and will prevent a hazardous atmosphere being created. An outdoor store with open or ventilated sides and is considered to provide adequate ventilation and is the preferred option.
Where a store may have restricted ventilation, due to, for example, adjacent buildings or a wall acting as a store boundary, it is necessary to ensure that there is through and thorough ventilation in all areas inside the store.
A semi-enclosed store may be considered ‘outdoors’ if it consists of up to three adjacent solid sides, with a roof, provided at least 25 % of the perimeter is constructed to ensure that ventilation is not impaired, for example, meshed cladding.
Where the configuration of the store restricts air flow, the installation of high and low-level vents should be considered to ensure a regular change of air. The design of a roof shall meet the ventilation requirements. Minimum recommended separation distances should be considered when locating vents.
A store with less than 25 % of the perimeter open is to be considered an indoor store.
Examples of store design are displayed below.
If a store is located against a building wall, then the risk assessment shall take account of the likelihood of escaped gas entering the building, and the method of entry, for example, an overhanging roof, cellars, windows, air intakes, etc.
The storage area should be located so that it is readily accessible for cylinder movements with manual handling distances kept to a minimum and clear access maintained at all times for deliveries and the emergency services.
Access to the delivery and storage area(s) is to be kept clear, with no parking allowed, except for the loading and unloading of cylinders. No vehicles are to be allowed within the minimum recommended separation distance.
Aisles should be provided to allow safe access to cylinders, to facilitate good housekeeping, stock control and for the ease of handling. They should be a minimum of 1 metre wide.
The layout of the storage area should allow for the safe movement of gas cylinder handling trolleys, forklift trucks, and any other powered vehicles. The layout shall take account of the separation of personnel and vehicles with appropriate traffic routes defined.
Where the gas cylinder store is enclosed suitable access and egress shall be provided. The risk assessment (refer to Section 5.1) shall determine the maximum travel distance to enable escape and therefore identify the number of exits required.
Where installed, all designated emergency exits shall open in the direction of escape and shall be fitted with panic furniture of a type not requiring a key, card, or code to open. They are to provide an unobstructed means of escape and in operation shall not obstruct any other escape route. These exits shall be properly identified by signage and maintained in a serviceable condition at all times. Ensure that emergency exits are secure and cannot be opened from the external side of the store (whilst still allowing emergency escape from the inside of the store).
The area should have adequate lighting to assist in providing a safe work environment, to allow the identification of the cylinder contents, signage and where necessary to assist with security. Where artificial lighting is used it shall give suitable colour rendering to enable colour labelling to be easily recognised by persons with normal colour vision.
Where required, emergency lighting shall be to the requirements of BS 5266 (28).
Only electrical equipment that is necessary for the safe and practical operation of the gas cylinder store shall be installed. As a minimum, all electrical installations shall conform to BS 7671 (31), Requirements for electrical installations. IET wiring regulations. Where flammable or oxidising gases are stored the risk assessment (refer to Section 5.1) is to determine whether protected electrical equipment is required, if so refer to BS EN 60079, Part 14 (33), Explosive atmospheres. Electrical installations, design, selection, and erection.
A responsible person shall carry out a Fire Safety Risk Assessment on all gas cylinder storage areas to determine the hazard and the risk associated with a fire originating from a gas cylinder and/or a fire impacting on a gas cylinder(s). The findings from which are to be incorporated into the Site Fire Safety Management Plan that is to be implemented and maintained. As necessary, advice should be sought from the Fire and Rescue Service. The risk control measures identified shall be incorporated into the construction of the gas cylinder store(s).
The location of each gas cylinder store shall be recorded within the site’s hazardous locations record. This record should include information on the products stored, their maximum quantities and their hazardous classification. This should be updated on a regular basis. This is to be made available to the emergency services in the event of an incident.
All personnel who are required to handle and store gas cylinders shall receive suitable information and instruction regarding the hazards associated with gas cylinders and the gases being stored, and provided with the necessary skills and knowledge to carry out their job safely.
It is the duty of the employer to ensure their persons are adequately trained and to establish competency. It is recommended that a training programme is carried out under a formalised system where an acceptable level of competency has to be achieved. Records shall be kept of the training provided and the competence level achieved. The training programme shall make provision for periodic re-training.
Training should be reviewed and/or updated following:
All persons engaged in the storage of gas cylinders shall have training commensurate with their responsibilities and should include, but not confined to the below subjects.
Specific training and certification requirements are required for persons handling fluorinated gases.
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Flammable Material Storage – Eliminating the Risk
Flammable materials are substances that can ignite easily and burn rapidly. They can be common materials that are at most work sites in gas, liquid and solid forms. Proper flammable material storage needs to be followed to avoid an accident in the workplace. Some flammable materials which pose a risk include:
Gases — Natural gas, propane, butane, methane, acetylene, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide. Flammable gases usually have with a lower explosive limit of less than 13% in the air or have a flammable range in air of at least 12%. For example, butane is a flammable gas because its lower explosive limit in the air is 20%. Carbon monoxide has a lower explosive limit of 13% and an upper explosive limit of 74% in air, it is flammable over a range of 61%.
Liquids — Many solvents such as acetone, alcohols and toluene, paints and paint thinners, adhesives, degreasers, cleaners, waxes and polishes. Flammable liquids have a flashpoint below 37.8⁰C (100⁰ F).
Solids — Some types of coal, pyrophoric metals (metals that burn in contact with air or water, such as sodium and potassium) solid wastes that are soaked with flammable liquids (rags, paper, spill clean-up products) and matches.
To read more about our best-in-class flammable materials storage, read up on our Fireavault range here.
For a fire to occur, three elements must come together at the same time and in the right proportions, fuel, heat (ignition source) and oxygen. Remove any of the elements and the fire will go out.
The “fire triangle” is commonly used as a model to understand how a fire starts and how it can be prevented.
Fuel — Fuels are flammable or combustible materials and can be gases, liquids or solids.
Heat — These are ignition sources and include an open flame, lit cigarette and sparks (such as from electrical current and static electricity shorts). A chemical reaction that creates heat can also ignite a fuel and oxygen mixture.
Oxygen — The most common source of oxygen is air, but oxygen can also come from chemicals called oxidizers. Examples of common oxidizers are some types of acids and chemicals such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate and potassium chlorate.
The spread of fire is also dependant on a fourth factor, the chemical chain reactions that occur after the fire is started. Fire prevention consists of making sure that the three legs of the fire triangle never meet. It is important to note that a fire will not always start even when the legs of the triangle meet unless all three elements are present in the right amounts. For example, vapours from a flammable liquid must be mixed with a certain amount of air and exposed to the right amount of heat to ignite and burn. Once vapours from a flammable liquid have ignited, the flames may “flash-back”. This means the flames travel back, through the vapour air mixture, to the container or source of the flammable liquid. This can create an explosion. Most flammable liquids produce vapours that are heavier than air. Some flammable gases are also heavier than air. These gases and vapours can spread a considerable distance along the ground or floor and be ignited by a distant spark or flame or source of heat. Certain chemicals such as organic peroxides (e.g. benzoyl peroxide) contain both fuel and oxygen.
The employer must develop work procedures for the use and storage of flammable materials and ensure workers are trained on these procedures. Because of the potential fire hazard, the employer will also need to have additional procedures in place to deal with fires and spills.
Work procedures should address:
In general, flammable materials must not be stored near exits, electrical equipment or heating equipment. They should always be stored in a separate, well-ventilated storage area, away from potential sources of ignition. If the material is removed from its original container, it must be placed into a container that is appropriate for flammable materials.
When flammable liquids are transferred from their original container (one they were purchased in), or from bulk storage such as a drum or tank, the proper type of portable container must be used. Containers that are approved for the use and storage of “portable quantities” are usually made of metal or plastic, are vapour-proof and have:
Portable containers must be properly labelled. The labelling should include the following information:
When individual containers of flammable liquids are not in use and are stored inside a building, they should be stored in a storage cabinet. The European Standard EN 14470-1 was implemented in April 2004 and has since been published as a national standard in many European countries as the Netherlands, France, Ireland, Spain, UK, Italy etc.
Since the 1st of January 2005, the former German Standard DIN 12925-1 can no longer be taken into consideration for testing Safety Storage Cabinets.
Test and construction requirements, compared to the DIN 12925-1, have become stricter and in some details stated more precisely. The following points describe the basics and main safety, test and construction requirements.
The range of applications
– The standard specifies the performance required of the design and fire resistance of safety storage cabinets used for storing flammable liquids in working areas.
The principal safety requirements
– Minimisation of the fire risk associated with the storage of flammable materials.
– Protection of the contents of the cabinet in the event of a fire for a known (and tested) period of time.
– Minimisation of the fumes released to the working environment.
– Retention of any possible leakage within the cabinet.
– Provision of enough time, in the event of a fire, for personnel to leave the room,
and sufficient time for fire service personnel to enter the building before the
stored materials turn a small fire into an uncontrollable blaze.
Fire protection
– In the event of a fire the cabinet must ensure that, over a period of time defined by the manufacturer (but in any event at least 15 minutes), its contents do not present an additional risk that the fire will spread.
Doors
– The cabinet doors must close entirely, starting from any position (closing time max. 20 seconds).
– Immobilising equipment fitted must release the locked doors at a temperature of 50 (-10) °C.
– Avoiding the risk of injury: the closing force of the doors must not exceed 100 N.
– One-handed operation must be possible, and the doors must close entirely even if open and locked.
Side and rear walls
– The side and rear walls of the cabinet must have the same thickness and comparable structures.
Air inlet and outlet openings
– The cabinets must have openings for air inlet and outlet (for connection of the cabinet to an exhaust system).
– The ventilation openings must close automatically at a temperature of 70 °C.
Storage locations (shelves or drawers)
– Storage surfaces must be able to support the loading specified by the manufacturer throughout the test in the furnace. Design evidence of the load-carrying capacity of shelves and drawers in the event of fire based on EN 1365 (fire resistance tests for self-supporting components).
Spill containment sump
– The spill containment sump must retain its ability to function after the fire resistance test. This is to be checked visually by filling the spill containment sump with water
Fire resistance
– Must be investigated by tests on a design sample.
– The fire-resistant cabinet is exposed to flames in a suitable furnace.
– The doors, walls and ceiling of the cabinet being tested must be exposed to the same heating conditions.
– Cabinets must be tested as free-standing single cabinets. The example being tested must be positioned with its rear wall at least 100 mm from the furnace wall.
– The flame exposure is carried out under the standard temperature curve of BS EN 1363-1.
– The temperature rise is measured inside the cabinet.
– The cabinet must then be classed as type 15, 30, 60 or 90, according to the time that has elapsed before the temperature rose by 180K.
At some work sites, there are many different types of flammable materials or large volumes of particular materials used. At these sites, flammable materials may be stored in large containers (drums or tanks) or there may be a specific flammable material storage room. The specific requirements for above ground storage tanks and storage rooms is HSg51.
In general:
| Quantity Stored (L) | Distance (M) |
| Up to 1,000 | 2 |
| 1,000 to 100,000 | 4 |
| Above 100,000 | 7.5 |
To prevent fires, flammable materials must be properly managed in the workplace. There are three main ways to prevent fires:
Limit the amounts of flammable and combustible materials
Provide proper ventilation to ensure flammable vapours do not accumulate
Control ignition sources
Static electricity is an electric charge that cannot move. It is created when two objects or materials that are in contact with each other are separated. While the objects are in contact, the surface electricity charges try to balance each other. When the objects are separated, they are left with either an excess or shortage of electrons, causing them both to become electrically charged. If these charges do not have a path to the ground, they are unable to move and becomes “static”. If static electricity is not quickly removed, the charge will build up. Eventually, it will develop enough energy to jump as a spark to some nearby less highly charged object. In an explosive or flammable atmosphere, the spark can set off an explosion or fire. The danger is greatest when flammable liquids are being poured or transferred.
Static electricity can be produced by:
Static electricity can be controlled by:
Bonding and grounding are techniques that are used to prevent sparks (a source of ignition) from being created when liquids are transferred between containers. Bonding is when there is an electrical connection between two or more conductive containers. Bonding ensures that the containers have the same electrical charge. Without a difference in charge, a spark cannot be created that jumps from one container to another. Bonding does not eliminate the static charge which is why it is used in combination with grounding. A container is grounded when there is an electrical connection between the container and the earth. Grounding quickly drains the static charge away.
If you have any questions about our Firevault range or flameproof cabinets, get in touch today by calling, emailing or using the Live Chat feature on the bottom left corner of your screen.
Leading university chemistry department specifies walk in Firevault Hand Sanitiser Storage, Are you aware of the Fire Risks?The outbreak of The COVID 19 pandemic has shaken global society. All aspects of life are affected, and containing the spread of the virus during, and post lockdown is now the main priority. Masks, gloves and hand sanitiser are quickly becoming the norm. This has made safe and proper hand sanitiser storage essential.
We are all working to reduce the risk of further outbreaks of the virus and public safety is a priority.
The health of our economy also poses a considerable risk, and we need as a society to ensure that the country gets back on its feet to maintain jobs and income while sticking to the guidelines.
We are all familiar with the guidelines issued by the government and as we enter the latter stages of restriction lifting, and more businesses and schools prepare to reopen.
It is now more critical than ever that we consider all the risks and spend time carrying out assessments regularly.
Hand Sanitiser consumption and demand has exploded over the last few months since the outbreak, and most workplaces across the country are installing sanitising means for employees and customers which is a very positive step for hygiene reducing the spread of the virus.
As schools, hospitals, creches, and all other businesses introduce new requirements, including the use of hand sanitiser, there is a need to recognise the fire risk storing hand sanitiser in bulk creates.
We have already had numerous companies contact us regarding bulk hand sanitiser storage of this product and looking for advice.
What is Hand Sanitiser made from?
Antibacterial Hand Sanitiser is predominantly manufactured using Alcohol and Triethanolamine. The product ranges from 60 – 80% alcohol and by its nature is a highly flammable liquid and an eye and skin irritant
Pure Alcohol has a flashpoint of 13 degrees, and Sanistiser with concentrations of 70% alcohol can be as low as 15 degrees which creates a serious fire hazard if storing the product in bulk on your premises.
Storage Guidelines
As with any flammable liquid, it is essential when storing bulk quantities that adequate safety measures are taken.
Flammable materials must not be stored near exits, electrical equipment or heating equipment. They should always be stored in a separate, well-ventilated storage area, away from potential sources of ignition. If the material is removed from its original container, it must be placed into a container that is appropriate for flammable materials.
We recommend storing flammable Hand Santiser in a certified safety cabinet or with bulk quantities above 1000 Litres in an external store that is bunded and has a certified Fire Resistance.
For specialist advice for how to safely handle and store Hand Sanitiser please contact Chemstore today for a free no obligations site assessment or to discuss your specific concerns.
0208 704 1807